The processor is responsible for carrying out instructions given by computer programs, including mathematical processes and algorithms. The processor is the brains of the computer, and goes by the name CPU or central processing unit.
Terms to Know
Cache Memory: A small amount of memory on the processor and motherboard that stores common instructions to speed up software, called L1, L2, etc.
Math Co-Processor: Helps with system performance by taking over processor intensive calculations like algorithms, freeing up resources for the CPU
Hyper threading: An Intel technology, allowing for simultaneous processing using virtual processors
Over clocking: Running the computer speed at a higher rate than specified on the chip, for example: running a 233 MHz processor at 350 MHz. This increases heat in the computer and needs cooling mechanisms in place.
Throttling: The opposite of over clocking, throttling uses a software approach to slow down the processor, and provide better heat control for processor intensive applications.
Multi-Core: Multiple processors on a single chipset, that allows for faster computational speeds.
Bus Speed: An analogy is a roadway, how much traffic can pass through the bus is dependent on the size, much like how much traffic can go down a road is dependent on how wide it is.
Socket Types
The socket type is the plastic piece on the motherboard where the CPU connects. The socket type has to match the CPU socket type, otherwise it won't fit, and trying to force it to could break pins. Intel and AMD both have proprietary socket types so be sure to match the motherboard to the right technology.
Installation
Installing a processor involves lining up the processor with the socket. The socket usually has a handle that slides the socket into open position. Once the processor chip is in place, slide the bar closed and the processor is now locked. Then you apply thermal paste to the processor and attach it to the heat sync. You can attach the processor to the heat sync beforehand but it makes it more difficult to line up the processor and socket.
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting processors is relatively easy. The main problem that you encounter is overheating. This results from the thermal paste not making a solid connection to the heat sync, or the cooling system inside the computer having issues. Installing more fans or a liquid cooling system will alleviate most heating issues, and installing a new heat sync with more thermal paste will let the processor dissipate heat properly.
The other issue you will encounter is bent pins on the processor. If they cannot be straightened, the processor will need to be replaced.
